Moldova – visiting the least visited country in Europe

To get to “the country that doesn’t exist“, you first have to get to “the least visited country in Europe. Moldova.

Whilst there are direct flights from London to Chisinau, as I’m based in Scotland, we decided on a less direct route, flying Edinburgh to Bucharest. There was time for a visit to the Libearty bear sanctuary followed by a day wallowing in the Therme Spa before hopping aboard the overnight “Friendship Train” from Bucharest to Chisnau.

Bucharest Gara du Nord train station was distinctly unfriendly. I rarely feel unsafe when travelling but this was the pits. We loitered at the “bar” to kill time before boarding – a few dirty tables in the corner of the station with a beer. Hawking their wares first came prostitutes, then thieves trying to sell perfume, then drug dealers.

Politely declining all of the above, it was good to get onboard the train. We’d shelled out a few extra euros for a 2 berth cabin rather than risk 2 strangers joining our evening slumber. On the outward journey this did feel like an upgrade – opening windows and enough room to swing a proverbial cat.

The Good

The sockets worked to charge our phones.

The outward journey bunks were clean and pretty comfy and the window ensured a steady supply of cool night air.

At the Romanian/Moldovan border, the train gets jacked up and they replace all the wheels. The Moldovan railway is soviet gauge, a relic of the very intentional barrier between the USSR and Europe back in the day.

Although it took forever and was noisy and bumpy at 3am, I love these experiences for what they are, part of history and a wee antidote to global homogenisation. It did take bloody forever though! Between passport, customs and engineers it was certainly one of the longer border crossings I’ve been through!

The Bad

The toilets on the train flush straight onto the track below which meant our cool night air was sometimes ponging of shite when someone used the toilet.  (They lock them when changing the wheels so time any “physiological” trips accordingly!)

No dining car!  😦

I’d read about the limited choice of food and drink on board, but on both legs of the journey (we travelled in May 2025) there was no dining car attached, no wee onboard shop, no hot water urn to make supernoodles, zilch, nada.

Dinner on the outward journey was cold chicken nuggets washed down with a couple of ciders and some jelly sweeties.

Our return cabin was definitely a downgrade. The window was sealed shut and the temperature on board was ten million degrees. And still no dining car! On the plus side we’d stocked up on copious amounts of cheapo white wine and enormous plastic bottles of beer.

The Ugly

Bed bugs!!!

Returning to the cabin after being chased around the toilet by an orange spider (eek!), I was less than chuffed to see a flat burgundy bug crawling over my recently vacated sheets. Bed bugs were confirmed a few hours later with my body covered in red lumps.

A taste of Moldova

Arriving in to Chisnau after 14 hour train, what better way to distract from bed bug bites than a trip to Cricova Wine Cellars?

Cricova has over 70 miles of underground tunnels with over 1 million bottles of wine maturing underground – basically an underground city of wine that has the look and feel of a James Bond villan’s lair. Moldova is the 6th largest wine producer in Europe, much of it state owned.

We hopped on a golf buggy and whizzed through the underground streets stopping at various winey locations along the way

Me channeling my inner Diogenes of Sinope

Legend has it even Yuri Gagarin got so cozy here he got lost in the tunnels and spent a rather fuzzy overnight here, leaving a note (see pic below) thanking the staff for their hospitality!

Day Two: Old Orhei

On day two, we swapped wine for scenery and headed to Orheiul Vechi open air museum village and monastery. High on a hill was a lonely goatherd…well almost. Carved into limestone cliffs above the Răut River, there’s a 13th century Cave Monastery complete with a grumpy hermit monk who looks and smells like he’d been there since the caves were carved. In fairness to him, must be a bit gutting to choose a life of solitude which is shared with camera-waving tourists. Rumour has it that he was a soviet soldier in his previous life.

Day Three: Chișinău

Back in Chișinău, Moldova’s capital, we tagged along on a walking tour of the city.

Chișinău isn’t intrinsically beautiful but there’s something about it – tree-lined boulevards, brutalist architecture little churches and lots of green space. Also lots of traffic jams!

Chișinău’s Central Market—aka the old “New Bazaar.” Rebounding from total wartime destruction in 1941, a gentrified tourist trap it is not.

Today, it’s a kaleidoscope of stalls brimming with fresh produce, cheeses, handmade baskets, fur căciuli hats sweets, and anything you need or don’t really. I could have easily spent a whole day having a dauner* around here, people watching and grazing on local cheeses and pastries. I was particularly fond of the wee old ladies selling a few herbs or a couple of packs of tights out of buckets on the pavement.

Chișinău State Circus was just a short hop away, a relic of Soviet architectural ambition. Built in 1981, it claimed the title of the USSR’s grandest circus—boasting a 1,900-seat arena and retractable dome roof. Today, the building remains as beautiful brutalist urban decay.

Sticking with architecture, some other structures I liked were the post office building, the parliament and presidential palace. The hardware outside the military museum was worthy of a photo stop too.

I only got a plăcintă-sized taste of Moldova before it was time to head on to Transnistria and then all too soon the bed-buggy ride back to Bucharest on the friendship train.

Moldova may not be on everyone’s radar, but maybe that’s the point? It’s unspoiled, uncomplicated, and inexpensive.

*Scots language: To stroll, to saunter, to walk aimlessly, idly, or uncertainly, to wander

Transnistria Pridnestrovie PMR

Visiting “the country that doesn’t exist”

Oooh! Red zone travel! daring-do! Forgein Office headache! What would we find when we snuck off into “Transnistria” aka Pridnestrovie?

FCDO map – yep the red bit is “Transnistria” or Pridnestrovie

A clarification – Transnistria – that’s what background reading called this region. Our local guide explained that the citizens call their country Pridnestrovie or PMR (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic).

it’s actually illegal to call the area Transnistria and you can be fined!

Crossing the border

Since the gas crisis earlier in 2025, passports are no longer stamped at the border between PMR and Moldova. Instead, it’s like any other land border crossing – without fanfare, our minibus was stopped at a gantry with booths, we were ushered off the bus into a kiosk with a wee window, handed over our passports and were given a receipt which was our don’t lose it visa. That was it. pretty unremarkable apart from the Russian peacekeeper troops lurking in the background.

Our first stop was the town of Bender where we were the only visitors to the old fortress. Pretty much an unremarkable 4 walls with a big empty car park and a few deserted fairground rides.

Walls of Bender Fortress
Traffic control hut on a roundabout in Bender

It really struck me how spotless this part of the world is, no litter, streets swept clean and municipal areas well kept and well used. Litter bins were everywhere.

Next was a wander in the Dneister riverside park where we met friendly families out enjoying the sunshine and thanking us for coming to visit and learn about their home.

Our local guide Andrej at the holocaust memorial, Bender
Soviet era monument and the new wedding pagoda in the park, Bendery.
Across from the park – the registry office – if anyone can remind me of what it says above the door, please comment below!
Soviet Era mosaic showing importance of cable manufacturing in Bender

Then it was a quick nosey inside the House of Local Culture. This felt like a big community centre, faded posters advertising kids judo, choirs and craft clubs were stuck to the hall walls.

A giant soviet mural and a giant hammer and sickle poster adorned the walls of the main hall. Through two locked doors, Andrej our guide pointed out the room where weekly peacekeeping meetings between Pridnestrovie, Moldova and Russia have taken place since the 1992 ceasefire between Moldova and Pridnestrovie to, as he put it, “avoid squabbles”.

Without vanishing down too much of a geopolitical rabbit hole (i think it’s important context)..

The PMR benefits from the Moldova/EU free trade agreement, with steel, textiles and wine exports heading off to Moldova (about 50%), the EU (over 30%)  and about 10% to Russia.

Conversely, the PMR looks to Russia for around 70% of imports, with only 14% from the EU and just 7% from Moldova.

The people who call the PMR home are not a homogeneous group. Because the country is not recognised by the UN, Pridnestrovian citizens tend to have two or more citizenships including Moldovan, Russian, Romanian, or Ukrainian.

Memorial to victims of 1992 conflict, Bender
Local trolleybus, Bender PMR

Currency

Sadly despite what you might have read online, the plastic coins are no longer in use here.  Credit cards could work but only if you happen to have a Russian one.

At the time of writing £1 was approx 24 PMR roubles. And more importantly 26 roubles buys a glass of very nice local wine!

Monument celebrating the local currency – the PMR rouble
1 rouble

Tiraspol – capital city

Whilst the first thing we saw was a giant granite Lenin monument outside the government offices, the rest of the city felt pretty similar to other Eastern European cities. Yes, communist past was evident with soviet-era blocks of flats and monuments, but also a Korean beauty shop, plenty of hipster coffee shops and the odd Tesla driving by.

Oh and “Sheriff” branded  supermarkets, petrol stations and the infamous FC Sheriff Tiraspol stadium (who once beat Real Madrid 2-1 in the Champions League)

Sheriff Tiraspol stadium

From what I’ve read, the Sheriff company grips the economy with monopolies and the relationship between sheriff bigwigs and the government is pretty damn shady.

Memorial square
Red granite Lenin outside the government buildings
Yuri Gagarin mural
The who’s who of important officials
Lenin everywhere
Concert hall, Tiraspol
Concert hall again

Victory day “parade”

We woke to loud music echoing across the park and crowds of umbrellas meandering around in the rain.

We asked what time the parade started. Andrej, slightly baffled, said he wasn’t sure why we kept talking about parades. This was a day for the people to commemorate VE day and honour their WW2 dead.

No tanks, missiles or particular fanfare. Just thousands of families braving the rain to lay flowers at the war memorials.

It felt like the whole city had turned out to pay their respects laying flowers.
This gentleman’s hat was definitely the most impressive
Some of the VE day flowers and soldiers
The young soldiers stood absolutely rigid and probably frozen in the rain

We were free to wander around without guides just cautioned not to take pictures of the “secret” police.

How to spot the secret police

Just look for the men that looks like he’s auditioning to be a football casual with puffer jackets ear pieces and putting a lot of effort into looking surly. The most inconspicuous one looked about 17 and sported a bumfluff moustache.  He very gently and quietly accosted us at a coffee stand in the park, asking us where we were from. I assumed he was a curious teenager and launched into an effervescent ramble about Scotland, Glasgow (you know Rangers and Celtic football?) its cold and wet just like here today haha. He looked a mix of baffled and trying-hard-surly and and very gently “demanded” to see our papers. A quick look at our don’t lose it visas and he nodded and  sloped off.

The day ended with music and very loud fireworks.

Special mention to the “Bros”

To the collaborative warm and friendly tour leader of redacted name tour group who bumped into us in our hotel lobby, called our tour “for pussies” and bragged that they had seen way more than we had (not true) and why weren’t we out getting blind drunk in the casinos? Fanny. We found out the next day that one of his group had been hospitalised and four unable to function from their memorable night in Tiraspol casinos *slow clap for machismo bros tour*

Out of town

Heading out of the city into the surrounding area, we crossed the Dniester river on the chain link “ferry” – a rusty steel platform hauled from bank to bank by a pair of grinning leathery old drunks.

The “ferry”
This guy again! Outside a village town hall
Village town hall – there was a school dance show on in the main hall
Kitskany memorial – very atmospheric and eerily quiet
Looking east to Ukraine from Kitskany memorial

Final thoughts

What was it about this wee place that had felt weirdly familiar to me?

Scotland and Pridnestrovie – not immediately obvious …

…but scratch a bit deeper and you’ll find:

Both geographically small and on the arse ends of Europe.

Scotland tried to leave the UK in 2014. Transnistria declared independence in the ’90s and never looked back (despite the lack of international recognition).

Both with a fierce sense of identity, cuture and tradition.

Both historically faced invaders from all sides.

Both with their own government and currency*

Both with citizens who vote differently, talk differently, and think about the future differently to their geographical neighbours.

And finally, both interesting wee places that are worth a visit!

* although the currency is GBP, Scotland has it’s own designs on bank notes

(Thanks to Tom who nagged me to get this post finished!)

Breaking Free from Fast Fashion: My No New Clothes Challenge

Anyone else lying on the couch on mindlessly adding bargain clothes to their baskets right now? And simultaneously making promises about buying less and decluttering? Just one more t-shirt? The recent Guardian article about styling a capsule wardrobe with only 20 items made me revisit 2018 when I committed to no new clothes for a year. I confess I’ve slipped back into old habits and my cupboards and laundry basket are bursting with too many clothes. Clothing has the third biggest impact on our planet, creating more greenhouse gas emissions than international shipping and aviation combined! And the amount of waste the industry generates, as well as how much water and resources it uses, is increasing. Global production now exceeds 100 billion garments a year most of which will end up burned, landfilled or creating gnarled krakens that bury themselves in the beaches along the coast of West Africa. So the biggest impact I could have was maybe to to break the habit of unconsciously accumulating clothes. No better time given that I had been living out of a backpack for 8 months. The Rules
  • buying or swapping pre-loved/second hand clothes is fine but…
  • …One in/one out – for any second hand clothes that I bought, a garment that I currently had in my wardrobe had to go to be re-used, donated or recycled.
  • I had to try to wear everything I currently own at least once in 2018 – I’ve turned all the hangers in my wardrobe one way and once I’ve worn them, I turn them round.
  • I am allowed myself to buy new underwear – my underwear was depleted – not even the toughest undergarments will survive 8 months of trekking round the world!
  • I allowed myself to buy new shoes. For a few years I had really cut back on buying lots of pairs of shoes so my shoe wardrobe was pretty scant to start with and I needed shoes for work and new running trainers.
The Results Well I stuck to it! 100% no new clothes, not even unworn clothes that I spotted in the charity shops with their tags still on. I have to be honest, I didn’t wear EVERYTHING in my wardrobe but pretty much all of it – there are two evening gowns that haven’t seen the light of day, both now way too loose for me to wear – the lucky on got altered the other one donated to a new home.
clothes
I didn’t exactly run out of things to wear….
Getting good quality basics was a challenge – plain t-shirts, good quality cardigans and decent trousers (oh my God I sound like my mum!) are scarce commodities in the second-hand world as are running shorts and gym tops. There were times where I really coveted some beautiful clothes particularly as I’ve been on a health kick and lost weight and wanted to reward myself. Whilst I saved money on clothes….I spent it on long weekends with friends (a better use!?) By October, I could walk passed clothes shops without feeling a pang for something new and shiny and with 2019 fast approaching…. will I be rushing out to the January sales? Well… no….only because I’m hoping to take the Trans Siberian Express to Mongolia and will need to start saving hard, clothes can wait. Giving up fast fashion might not be for everyone but ask yourself this…is giving up straws and plastic carrier bags really enough?